In a study on the ways in which text production differs depending on whether the writer looks at the keyboard or on the monitor while typing, Johansson et al. (2010) show that "monitor gazers [...] produce more words per minute (wpm) and spend less time on the writing task" (p. 846).

The study, which was carried out in the LU Humanities Laboratory at the Centre for Languages and Literature, suggests that "monitor gazers need to call less upon their working-memory resources to perform the actual typing process" (p. 846), and it is therefore assumed that "monitor gazers can devote a larger share of their working-memory resources to higher-level processes, such as planning and revising, in parallel with text production" (p. 847).

Johansson, R., Wengelin, Å, Johansson, V. & Holmqvist, K. (2010). Looking at the keyboard or the monitor: Relationship with text production processes. Reading and Writing, 23(7), 835-851. doi: 10.1007/s11145-009-9189-3