Using abbreviations

Abbreviations are commonly used in academic texts, particularly when making reference within the text, and can vary depending on the reference system. The following chart supplies some examples of the more common abbreviations and their use. Note that conventions for punctuation may vary. Thus, when writing for publication, always consult the publisher's style sheet. 
AbbreviationShort for   Use/Meaning
c./ca.circaapproximately, about
cf.              confercompare with
edn.,edns.edition(s)Used in a reference list to specify the edition of the work cited.

e.g.exempli gratiafor example, for instance
et al.et aliiand others
fig., figs.figure(s)Used when referring to figures in a text of work.
i.e. id estwhich is to say, in other words, that is
l., ll.line(s)Used when referring to lines in a text.
MS/m.s.manuscriptumCan be used when referencing a manuscript.
NB/n.b.nota bene

take special note of; note

n.d.no date (of publication)Used in referencing when a date is unknown - quite common with website addresses.
p., pp.page(s)Used for indicating page numbers when referencing.
passimpassimfrequently, in every part, in many places, too many references to list
sec.sectionUsed when referring to sections of a text.
v., vs.versusAgainst.
viz.videlicetnamely, that is to say, in other words
vol., vols.volume(s)

Used for indicating volume numbers in referencing.

Sometimes, English has two separate abbreviations, depending on whether the abbreviation has singular or plural reference. Swedish normally uses the same form for both types. Note, for example, the following contrast:
sid. 4(one page)p. 4
sid. 4-13(several pages)pp. 4-13
Page Manager: aweluluse | 2021-06-15